Lung cancer treatments and outcomes are changing, but survival remains a challenge
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the world, accounting for 11.4% of all cancers, but with 18.0% of total cancer‐related deaths, it is the leading cause of cancer death.1 In Australasia, the incidence of lung cancer varies between 19.1 and 42.1 per 100 000 population, with the strongest risk factors historically being increasing age and tobacco smoke exposure.2,3 However, the proportion of (predominantly) female never smokers with lung cancer is increasing in many countries, particularly across South‐East Asia, together with an enlarging proportion of adenocarcinomas and molecular mutations, especially of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).2,4 Lung cancer in never smokers is increasingly being recognised as biologically distinct from smoking‐related lung cancers, although there is overlap with other risk factors such as environmental and genetic interactions, biofuel and occupational exposures, and indoor and outdoor pollution.2,4 The incidence of lung cancer in several developed countries (eg, the United Kingdom and the United States) has started to fall. However, despite a projected fall in age‐standardised lung cancer rates in Australia over the next two decades, the number of deaths from lung cancer is expected to continue to increase due to population growth and ageing.2,5
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