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Antivenom efficacy, safety and availability: measuring smoke

Allen C Cheng and Ken D Winkel
Med J Aust 2004; 180 (1): . || doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb05763.x
Published online: 5 January 2004

Improving safety is important, but in many regions antivenoms are not available


  • 1 Infectious Diseases Unit, Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, NT.
  • 2 Department of Pharmacology, Australian Venom Research Unit, Parkville, VIC.


Correspondence: 

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  • 11. Malasit P, Warrell DA, Chathavanich P, et al. Prediction, prevention, and mechanism of early (anaphylactic) antivenom reactions in victims of snake bites. BMJ 1986; 292: 17-20.
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  • 17. Product information: Australia New Guinea polyvalent snake antivenom. Parkville: CSL Limited, 2000.
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  • 20. Theakston RDG, Warrell DA. Antivenoms: a list of hyperimmune sera currently available for the treatment of envenoming by bites and stings. Toxicon 1991; 29: 1419-1470.

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