Anabolic-androgenic steroids: medical assessment of present, past and potential users

O'Sullivan, Anthony J; Kennedy, Michael C; Casey, John H; Day, Richard O; Corrigan, Brian; Wodak, Alex D

Topics

Pharmaceutical preparations

Anabolic-androgenic steroids: medical assessment of present, past and potential users

Correspondence:

1.
Yesalis CE, Bahrke MS. Anabolic-androgenic steroids. Sports Med 1995; 19: 326-340.
2.
Kennedy MC. Anabolic steroid abuse and toxicology. Aust N Z J Med 1992; 22: 374-381.
3.
Kashkin KB. Anabolic steroids. In: Lowinson JH, Ruiz P, Millman RB, Langrod JG, editors. Substance abuse: a comprehensive textbook. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1992.
4.
Wilson JD. Androgen abuse by athletes. Endocr Rev 1988; 9: 181-199.
5.
Kennedy MC, O'Sullivan AJ. Do anabolic-androgenic steroids enhance sporting performance? Med J Aust 1997; 166: 60-61.
6.
Bhasin S, Storer TW, Berman N, et al. The effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 1-7.
7.
Bagatell CJ, Bremner WJ. Androgens in men -- uses and abuses. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 707-714.
8.
Wade N. Anabolic steroids: doctors denounce them, but athletes aren't listening. Science 1972; 176: 1399-1403.
9.
Skolnick AA. Tougher drug tests for Centennial Olympic Games. JAMA 1996; 275: 348-349.
10.
Grunding P, Bachmann M. World anabolic review 1996. Houston, TX: MB Muscle Books, 1995.
11.
Buckley WE, Yesalis CE, Friedl KE, et al. Estimated prevalence of anabolic steroid use among male high school seniors. JAMA 1988; 260: 3441-3445.
12.
Komoroski EM, Rickert VI. Adolescent body image and attitudes to anabolic steroid use. Am J Dis Child 1992; 146: 823-828.
13.
Handelsman DJ, Gupta L. Prevalence and risk factors for anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse in Australian high school students. Int J Androl 1997; 20: 159-164.
14.
Yesalis CE, Kennedy NJ, Kopstein AN, Bahrke MS. Anabolic-androgenic steroid use in the United States. JAMA 1993; 270: 1217-1221.
15.
Delbeke FT, Desmet N, Debackere M. The abuse of doping agents in competing body builders in Flanders (1988-1993). Int J Sports Med 1995; 16: 66-70.
16.
Copeland J, Peters R, Dillon P. A study of 100 anabolic-androgenic steroid users. Med J Aust 1998; 168: 311-312.
17.
Millar AP. Licit steroid use -- hope for the future. Br J Sports Med 1994; 28: 79-83.
18.
Australian Bureau of Statistics and Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care. National Nutrition Survey: Nutrient intakes and physical measurements, Australia 1995. Canberra: ABS, 1998.
19.
Baker HWG. Male infertility. In: DeGroot LJ, editor. Endocrinology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1995: 2409.
20.
Pope HG, Katz DL. Psychiatric and medical effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid use. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51: 375-382.
21.
Schurmeyer T, Knuth UA, Belkien L, Nieschlag E. Reversible azoospermia induced by the anabolic steroid 19-nortestosterone. Lancet 1984; 1: 417-420.
22.
Jin B, Turner L, Walters WAW, Handelsman DJ. Androgen or estrogen effects on human prostate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 4290-4295.
23.
Spano F, Ryan WG. Tamoxifen for gynaecomastia induced by anabolic steroids. N Engl J Med 1984; 311: 861-862.
24.
Corrigan B. Anabolic steroids and the mind. Med J Aust 1996; 165: 222-226.
25.
Pope HG, Katz DL. Affective and psychotic symptoms associated with anabolic steroid use. Am J Psychiatry 1988; 145: 487-490.
26.
Tricker R, Casaburi R, Storer TW, et al. The effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on angry behaviour in healthy eugonadal men -- a clinical research study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 3754-3758.
27.
Sullivan ML, Martinez CM, Gennis P, Gallagher EJ. The cardiac toxicity of anabolic steroids. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1998; 41: 1-15.
28.
Bretza JA, Novey HS, Vaziri ND, Warner AS. Hypertension. A complication of danazol therapy. Arch Intern Med 1980; 140: 1379-1380.
29.
Kennedy MC, Corrigan AB, Pilbeam ST. Myocardial infarction and cerebral haemorrhage in a young body builder taking anabolic steroids. Aust N Z J Med 1993; 23: 713.
30.
Blouin AG, Goldfield GS. Body image and steroid use in male bodybuilders. Int J Eat Disord 1995; 18: 159-165.
31.
Tennant F, Black DL, Voy RO. Anabolic steroid dependence with opioid-type features. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 578.
32.
Kennedy MC, Baume P, Corrigan AB, et al. Drugs in sport. A position paper. Fellowship Affairs 1997; 16: 27-28, 37-38.

Online responses are no longer available. Please refer to our instructions for authors page for more information.