Why staying lean is not a matter of ethics
Correspondence:
- 1.
- Burry JN. Obesity and virtue. Is staying lean a matter of ethics? Med J Aust 1999; 171: 609-610.
- 2.
- Montague CT, Farooqi IS, Whitehead JP, et al. Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans. Nature 1997; 387: 903-908.
- 3.
- Yeo GS, Farooqi IS, Aminian S, et al. A frameshift mutation in MC4R associated with dominantly inherited human obesity. Nat Genet 1998; 20: 111-112.
- 4.
- Hinney A, Schmidt A, Nottebom K, et al. Several mutations in the melanocortin-4 receptor gene including a nonsense and a frameshift mutation associated with dominantly inherited obesity in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 1483-1486.
- 5.
- Bray GA. Complications of obesity. Ann Intern Med 1985; 103: 1052-1062.
- 6.
- Garrison RJ, Castelli WP. Weight and thirty-year mortality of men in the Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med 1985; 103: 1006-1009.
- 7.
- NHMRC Working Party. Acting on Australia's weight: a strategic plan for the prevention of overweight and obesity. Canberra: National Health and Medical Research Council, 1997.
- 8.
- Bjorntorp P. The associations between obesity, adipose tissue distribution and disease. Acta Med Scand Suppl 1988; 723: 121-134.
- 9.
- Bjorntorp P. Abdominal obesity and the development of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Rev 1988A; 4: 615-622.
- 10.
- Bjorntorp P. "Portal" adipose tissue as a generator of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Arteriosclerosis 1990; 10: 493-496.
- 11.
- Aravich PF, Sclafani A. Paraventricular hypothalamic lesions and medial hypothalamic knife cuts produce similar hyperphagia syndromes. Behav Neurosci 1983; 97: 970-983.
- 12.
- Lustig RH, Rose SR, Burghen GA, et al. Hypothalamic obesity caused by cranial insult in children: altered glucose and insulin dynamics and reversal by a somatostatin agonist. J Pediatr 1999; 135: 162-168.
- 13.
- Thorburn AW, Proietto J. Neuropeptides, the hypothalamus and obesity: Insights into the central control of body weight. Pathology 1998; 30: 229-236.
- 14.
- West DB, Fey D, Woods SC. Cholecystokinin persistently suppresses meal size but not food intake in free-feeding rats. Am J Physiol 1984; 246: R776-R787.
- 15.
- Leibel RL, Rosenbaum M, Hirsch J. Changes in energy expenditure resulting from altered body weight. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 621-628.
- 16.
- Levine JA, Eberhardt NL, Jensen MD. Role of nonexercise activity thermogenesis in resistance to fat gain in humans. Science 1999; 283: 212-214.
- 17.
- Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, et al. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 1994; 372: 425-432.
- 18.
- Elmquist JK, Maratos-Flier E, Saper CB, Flier JS. Unraveling the central nervous system pathways underlying responses to leptin. Nat Neurosci 1998; 1: 445-450.
- 19.
- Farooqi IS, Jebb SA, Langmack G, et al. Effects of recombinant leptin therapy in a child with congenital leptin deficiency. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 879-884.
- 20.
- Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML, et al. Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 292-295.
- 21.
- Clement K, Vaisse C, Lahlou N, et al. A mutation in the human leptin receptor gene causes obesity and pituitary dysfunction. Nature 1998; 392: 398-401.
- 22.
- Mitchell BD, Cole SA, Comuzzie AG, et al. A quantitative trait locus influencing BMI maps to the region of the beta-3 adrenergic receptor. Diabetes 1999; 48: 1863-1867.
- 23.
- Boden G, Chen X, Mozzoli M, Ryan I. Effect of fasting on serum leptin in normal human subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 3419-3423.
- 24.
- Wadden TA, Frey DL. A multicenter evaluation of a proprietary weight loss program for the treatment of marked obesity: a five-year follow-up. Int J Eat Disord 1997; 22: 203-212.
- 25.
- Gortmaker SL, Must A, Perrin JM, et al. Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1008-1012.
Online responses are no longer available. Please refer to our instructions for authors page for more information.