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Genotype and adverse drug reactions to warfarin

Keith A Byron and Anthony E Dear
Med J Aust 2007; 187 (1): . || doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01133.x
Published online: 2 July 2007

To the Editor: The recent article by Miller and colleagues regarding adverse drug events (ADEs) in general practice highlights the high frequency and considerable morbidity associated with ADEs in the general community.1 The authors identified recognised side effects, drug sensitivity, and allergy as responsible for most ADEs.


  • 1 Molecular Diagnostics, Gribbles Pathology, Melbourne, VIC.
  • 2 Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC.


Correspondence: keith.byron@gribbles.com.au

  • 1. Miller GC, Britt HC, Valenti L. Adverse drug events in general practice patients in Australia. Med J Aust 2006; 184: 321-324. <MJA full text>
  • 2. Gardiner SJ, Begg EJ. Pharmacogenetics, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and clinical practice. Pharmacol Rev 2006; 58: 521-590.
  • 3. Evans RS, Lloyd JF, Stoddard GJ, et al. Risk factors for adverse drug events: a 10-year analysis. Ann Pharmacother 2005; 39: 1161-1168.
  • 4. Sconce EA, Khan TI, Wynne HA, et al. The impact of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genetic polymorphism and patient characteristics upon warfarin dose requirements: proposal for a new dosing regimen. Blood 2005; 106: 2329-2333.
  • 5. Gray F, Dear AE, Byron K, Palman L. Molecular diagnostic assessment of cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 polymorphisms in managing warfarin dosing. Clin Biochem Rev 2003; 24 Suppl: S31.
  • 6. Dear A, Fray F, Byron K. Cytochrome p450 CYP2C9 genotyping and warfarin induction therapy. Haematology Society of Australia and New Zealand Annual Scientific Meeting; 2004 Oct 17–20; Melbourne. http://www.hsanz.org.au/resources/documents/04_All_Posters.pdf (accessed May 2007).
  • 7. Peyvandi F, Spreafico M, Siboni SM, et al. CYP2C9 genotypes and dose requirements during the induction phase of oral anticoagulant therapy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004; 75: 198-203.
  • 8. McWilliam A, Lutter R, Nardinelli C. Health care savings from personalizing medicine using genetic testing: the case of warfarin. Working paper 06-23. Washington, DC: AEI–Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies, 2006. http://www.aei-brookings.org/admin/authorpdfs/page.php?id=1337 (accessed May 2007).
  • 9. CDC National Center of Public Health Genomics. Seed CDC funding for public health genomics research: fiscal year 2006. Atlanta: NCPHG, 2006. http://www.cdc.gov/genomics/activities/fund2006.htm (accessed May 2007).

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