Cyril Charles Julius Minty was born on 26 June 1922 in Tonga, the only son of Dr C C Minty, a medical practitioner whose accomplishments included assisting at an operation on Queen Salote. The Minty family returned to Australia when Cyril was 2 years old.

Educated in Brisbane, Cyril graduated in medicine from the University of Queensland in 1945. After working briefly at Rockhampton General Hospital, he became interested in cancer research, working first at the Queensland Radium Institute from 1948 to 1954 and then at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute in Melbourne from 1955 to 1987, where he became a Member and subsequently Fellow of what is now the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists. In 1963, he gained Fellowship of the Royal College of Radiologists of London.