Jean and Alastair Carruthers are the mother and father of the aesthetic use of botulinum toxin. Jean, an ophthalmologist, and Alastair, a dermatologist, first noted the softening of expression lines in some patients being treated for oculospasm in the 1980s. From then on, through their relentless application of science and artistry, they have steered the course for the safe treatment of expression lines, initially of the upper face, and more recently those of the mid and lower face and neck.
The full article is accessible to AMA members and paid subscribers. Login to read more or purchase a subscription now.
Please note: institutional and Research4Life access to the MJA is now provided through Wiley Online Library.
