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Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for acute ischaemic stroke: why so much has been made of so little

Jerome R Hoffman
Med J Aust 2003; 179 (7): . || doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05584.x
Published online: 6 October 2003

Has enthusiasm overwhelmed judgement?

Although advocates of the use of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in acute ischaemic stroke suggest that this “is one of the most important advances in stroke medicine”,1 a recent Cochrane meta-analysis also supports “clinicians who choose . . . not to use the treatment at all”,2 and all three major emergency medicine associations in North America have declined to endorse it as “standard of care”.3


  • School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.


Correspondence: 

  • 1. Donnan GA, Davis SM, Levi CR. Strategies to improve outcomes after acute stroke. Med J Aust 2003; 178: 309-310. <MJA full text>
  • 2. Wardlaw JM, del Zoppo G, Tamaguichi T. Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke (Cochrane review). The Cochrane Library, Issue 1 2003. Oxford: Update Software.
  • 3. Lenzer J. Alteplase for stroke: money and optimistic claims buttress the “brain attack” campaign. BMJ 2002; 324: 723-729.
  • 4. Szoeke CEI, Parsons MW, Butcher KS, et al. Acute stroke thrombolysis with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in an Australian tertiary hospital. Med J Aust 2003; 178: 324-328. <MJA full text>
  • 5. Bailey PM. Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke: revisiting the evidence [letter]. Med J Aust 2003; 179: 388. <MJA full text>
  • 6. Johnson KR. Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke: revisiting the evidence [letter]. Med J Aust 2003; 179: 387-388. <MJA full text>
  • 7. Smith BJ. Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke: revisiting the evidence [letter]. Med J Aust 2003; 179: 386-387. <MJA full text>
  • 8. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1581-1587.
  • 9. Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, et al. Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke. The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS). JAMA 1995; 274: 1017-1025.
  • 10. Donnan GA, Davis SM, Chambers BR, et al. Streptokinase for acute ischemic stroke with relationship to time of administration: Australian Streptokinase (ASK) Trial Study Group. JAMA 1996; 276: 961-966.
  • 11. Katzan IL, Furlan AJ, Lloyd LE, et al. Use of tissue-type plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke: the Cleveland area experience. JAMA 2000; 283: 1151-1158.
  • 12. Bravata DM, Kim N, Concato J, et al. Thrombolysis for acute stroke in routine clinical practice. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 1994-2001.
  • 13. Donnan GA, Davis SM, Levi CR. Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke: revisiting the evidence [letter]. Med J Aust 2003; 179: 387. <MJA full text>
  • 14. Hoffman JR. And just what is the emperor of stroke wearing? West J Med 2000; 173: 149-150.
  • 15. Hoffman JR. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke: is the CAEP position statement too negative? Can J Emerg Med 2001; 3: 183-185.
  • 16. Marler JR, Tilley BC, Lu M, et al. Early stroke treatment associated with better outcome: the NINDS rt-PA stroke study. Neurology 2000; 55: 1649-1655.
  • 17. Gilbert EH, Lowenstein SR, Koziol-McLain J, et al. Chart reviews in emergency medicine research: where are the methods? Ann Emerg Med 1996; 27: 305-308.
  • 18. Albers GW, Bates VE, Clark WM, et al. Intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator for treatment of acute stroke: the Standard Treatment with Alteplase to Reverse Stroke (STARS) study. JAMA 2000; 283: 1145-1150.
  • 19. Kitman JL. The secret history of lead. The Nation (US), 2000 Mar 20.

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