To the Editor: Gastric volvulus is rare but has been reported increasingly due to greater frequency of upper gastrointestinal tract investigations. Depending on the rotation axis, gastric volvulus can be classified as organoaxial, mesenteroaxial or mixed type. We report a case of laparoscopic mesh repair of a mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus secondary to a transverse colon diaphragmatic hernia.

A 50-year-old woman presented with a 10-year history of intermittent epigastric pain and vomiting. Symptoms persisted despite multiple investigations over the years and treatment with proton-pump inhibitors and prokinetic agents. She described weight loss and intolerance to solid food, but her medical history was unremarkable. Gastroscopy revealed an unusual stomach configuration and difficulty was experienced in intubating the pylorus. A barium x-ray showed no gastric herniation, but the stomach had an unusual appearance (Box, A). Manometry studies showed normal gastric muscle activity.

The patient underwent a laparoscopy, which revealed a mesenteroaxial intra-abdominal gastric volvulus secondary to the presence of a section of transverse colon caught in a diaphragmatic hernia adjacent to the oesophagus (Box, B). The colon was reduced and the hernia sac excised (Box, C). The defect in the diaphragm was subsequently closed, and a dual-layered prosthetic mesh was laid over the repaired area. The stomach was repositioned by anterior gastropexy. The patient’s recovery was uneventful and she was discharged on a fluid diet 3 days after surgery. At 4-month review, she was well and a follow-up abdominal computed tomography scan showed no abnormalities.

Reports of isolated colonic hiatal hernia are rare.1,2 This case was interesting as it was associated with an intra-abdominal gastric volvulus that presented with chronic symptoms, despite most cases of mesenteroaxial volvulus presenting acutely. Barium studies from 19 patients with colonic herniation through the oesophageal hiatus showed that these hernias were invariably associated with herniation of the stomach, which was partially volvulated in many cases.3 These patients were mostly older women, and did not present in an emergency setting. With growing use of laparoscopic surgery, patients benefit from a minimally invasive approach, decreased pulmonary and wound complications, and faster postoperative recovery. Several authors have reported favourable outcomes after performing laparoscopic diaphragmatic hernia repairs and gastropexy.2,4,5 Our case demonstrates the feasibility of laparoscopic repair of a gastric volvulus secondary to a transverse colon diaphragmatic hernia.

Diagnosis and repair of a gastric volvulus

A: Barium x-ray of stomach, showing two air–fluid levels that give the impression of an “upside-down” stomach of mesenteroaxial rotation; pylorus (P) and diaphragm (D) are shown.

B: Herniated transverse colon (TC) tracking under the liver (L) and into a hernia of the diaphragm.

C: Diaphragmatic sac adjacent to the oesophagus, revealed by reducing the colon; oesophagus (O) and stomach (S) are shown.