Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

---

• 1.
• Becker LB, Smith DW, Rhodes KV. Incidence of cardiac arrest: a neglected factor in evaluating survival rates. Ann Emerg Med 1993; 22: 86-91.
• 2.
• Bernard S. Outcome from prehospital cardiac arrest in Melbourne, Australia. Emerg Med 1998; 10: 25-29.
• 3.
• Larson MP, Eisenberg MS, Cummins RO, et al. Predicting survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med 1993; 22: 1652-1658.
• 4.
• Bett JHN. Experience with a mobile coronary care unit in Brisbane. Ann Emerg Med 1989; 18: 969-974.
• 5.
• Jacobs IG, Oxer HF. A review of pre-hospital defibrillation by ambulance officers in Perth, Western Australia. Med J Aust 1990; 153: 662-664.
• 6.
• Scott IA, Fitzgerald GJ. Early defibrillation in out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death: an Australian experience. Arch Emerg Med 1992; 10: 1-7.
• 7.
• Brennan RJ, Luke C. Failed hospital resuscitation following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: are further efforts in the emergency department warranted? Emerg Med 1995; 7: 131-138.
• 8.
• Jackson T, Cameron PA. Prehospital defibrillation in Geelong. Emerg Med 1993; 5: 184-187.
• 9.
• Sammel NL, Taylor K, Selig M, O'Rourke M. New South Wales intensive care ambulance system: outcome of patients with ventricular fibrillation. Med J Aust 1981; 2: 546-550.
• 10.
• American Heart Association. Emergency Cardiac Care Committee and Subcommittees. Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency care. JAMA 1992; 268: 2171.
• 11.
• Reichenbach DD, Moss NS, Meyer E. Pathology of the heart in sudden cardiac death. Am J Cardiol 1977; 39: 865.
• 12.
• Eisenberg MS, Horwood BT, Cummins RO, et al. Cardiac arrest and resuscitation: a tale of 29 cities. Ann Emerg Med 1990; 19: 179-186.
• 13.
• Eisenberg MS. Prehospital care. In: Skinner D, Swain A, Peyton R, Robertson C, editors. Cambridge textbook of accident and emergency medicine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997: 288-298.
• 14.
• Cummins RO, Ornato JP, Theis W, et al. Improving survival from cardiac arrest: the chain of survival concept. Circulation 1991; 83: 1832-1847.
• 15.
• Cummins RO and Graves. Prehospital care II: European and American perspectives. In: Skinner D, Swain A, Peyton R, Robertson C, editors. Cambridge textbook of accident and emergency medicine. Cambridge University Press, 1977: 298-303.
• 16.
• AHA Medical/Scientific Statement. Recommended Guidelines for Uniform Reporting of Data from Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: The Utstein Style. Circulation 1991; 84: 960-975.
• 17.
• Montgomery WH, Brown DD, Hazinski MF, et al. Citizen response to cardiopulmonary emergencies. Ann Emerg Med 1993; 22: 428-434.
• 18.
• Maguire JE. Advances in cardiac life support: sorting the science from the dogma. Emerg Med 1997; 9 Suppl: 1-8.
• 19.
• Callahan M, Madsen CD. Relationship of timeliness of paramedic Advanced Life Support interventions to outcome in out-of hospital cardiac arrest treated by first responders with defibrillators. Ann Emerg Med 1996; 27: 638-648.
• 20.
• Weaver WD, Cobb LA, Hallstrom AP, et al. Considerations for improving survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med 1986; 10: 1181-1186.
• 21.
• Varon J, Marik PE, Fromm RE Jr. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a review for clinicians. Resuscitation 1998; 36: 133-145.
• 22.
• De Vreede-Swagamakers JJ, Gorgels AP, Dubois-Arbouw WI, et al. Out of hospital cardiac arrest in the 1990s: a population-based study in the Maastricht area on incidence, characteristics and survival. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30: 1500-1505.
• 23.
• Jackson RE, Swor RA. Who gets bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a witnessed arrest? Acad Emerg Med 1997; 4: 540-544.
• 24.
• Pantridge JF, Geddes JS. A mobile intensive care unit in the management of myocardial infarction. Lancet 1967; 2: 271-273.
• 25.
• Wei MH, Tang W. Science challenges the dogma of ACLS [editorial]. Chest 1996; 109: 597-598.
• 26.
• Robertson CE, Nichol NM. Recent advances in defibrillation therapy. Curr Opin Crit Care 1997; 3: 214-217.
• 27.
• Kerber RE, Spencer KT, Kallok MJ, et al. Overlapping sequential pulses: a new wave form for transthoracic defibrillation. Circulation 1994; 89: 2369-2379.
• 28.
• Bardy GH, Marchlinski FE, Sharma AD, et al. Multicentre comparison of truncated biphasic shocks and standard damped sinewave monophasic shocks for transthoracic ventricular defibrillation. Circulation 1996; 94: 2508-2514.
• 29.
• ALS Working Party of the ERC. Guidelines for advanced life support. Resuscitation 1992; 22: 191-195.
• 30.
• Hapnes SA, Robertson CE. CPR-drug delivery routes and systems. Resuscitation 1992; 24: 137-142.
• 31.
• Linder KH, Koster R. Vasopressor drugs during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 1992; 24: 147-154.
• 32.
• Stiell IG, Herbert PC, Weitzman BN, et al. High grade epinephrine in adult cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 1045-1049.
• 33.
• Brown CG, Martin DR, Pepe PE, et al. A comparison of standard dose and high dose epinephrine in cardiac arrest outside hospital. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 1051-1055.
• 34.
• Callahan M, Madsen CD, Barton CW, et al. A randomised clinical trial of high dose epinephrine and norepinephrine and standard dose epinephrine in prehospital cardiac arrest. JAMA 1992; 268: 2667-2672.
• 35.
• Woodhouse SP, Case C, Cox S, et al. Trial of large dose adrenaline vs placebo in cardiac arrest [abstract]. Resuscitation 1993; 25: 89.
• 36.
• Woodhouse SP, Cox S, Boyd P, et al. High dose and standard dose adrenaline do not alter survival compared with placebo in cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 1995; 30: 243-249.
• 37.
• Linder KH, Dirks B, Strohmenger HU, et al. Randomised comparison of epinephrine and vasopressin in patients with out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. Lancet 1997; 349: 535-537.
• 38.
• Stahmer SA, Varon J, Fromm RE. Controversies in cardiopulmonary resuscitation pharmacotherapy. Hosp Physician 1994; 30: 23-30.
• 39.
• Steedman DJ, Robertson CE. Acid-base changes in arterial and central venous blood during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Arch Emerg Med 1990; 9: 169-176.
• 40.
• Steuven HA, Thomson BM, Aprahamian C, et al. Calcium chloride: reassessment of use in asystole. Ann Emerg Med 1984; 13: 820-822.