Clinical examination: evidence and eminence

• 1 Centre for Medical Professional Development, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW
• 2 Department of Cardiology, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT

---

• 1. Bean RB, Bean BW. Sir William Osler: aphorisms from his bedside teachings and writings. New York: Henry Schuman, 1950.
• 2. Sandler G. The importance of the history in the medical clinic and the cost of unnecessary tests. Am Heart J 1980; 100: 928-931.
• 3. Nair BR, Coughlan JL, Hensley MJ. Student and patient perspectives on bedside teaching. Med Educ 1997; 31: 341-346.
• 4. Joshua AM, Celermajer DS, Stockler MR. Beauty is in the eye of the examiner: reaching agreement about physical signs and their value. Intern Med J 2005; 35: 178-187.
• 5. Sackett DL, Rennie D. The science of the art of the clinical examination. JAMA 1992; 267: 2650-2652.
• 6. Isaacs D, Fitzgerald D. Seven alternatives to evidence based medicine. BMJ 1999; 319: 1618.
• 7. Orient JM, Sapira JD. Sapira’s art and science of bedside diagnosis. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2010.